Depression is a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 5% of the world’s population, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A new study sheds light on a potential risk factor for depression—being a “night owl.” Researchers have found that individuals who prefer staying active at night may be at a greater risk for depression compared to “early risers.”
Night Owls and Increased Depression Risk
Led by Simon Evans, PhD, a neuroscience lecturer and researcher at the University of Surrey, the study analyzed data from 546 university students (aged 17–28) through an online questionnaire. The findings revealed that individuals with an evening chronotype—those who naturally stay up late—had a significantly higher risk of depression than morning chronotypes, or early risers.
Chronotype refers to a person’s natural preference for sleep and activity patterns, which align with their circadian rhythm. Evans notes that since nearly 50% of young adults identify as night owls, it’s essential to understand how this lifestyle choice impacts mental health.
Why Are Night Owls More Prone to Depression?
Researchers believe that poor sleep quality, increased alcohol consumption, and lower mindfulness levels contribute to the heightened depression risk among night owls.
“The link between chronotype and depression was fully mediated by certain aspects of mindfulness—particularly ‘acting with awareness’—as well as sleep quality and alcohol consumption,” Evans explained. “These factors help explain why night owls report more depressive symptoms.”
Sleep and Mental Health: The Connection
Richard A. Bermudes, MD, psychiatrist and chief medical officer of Brainsway, commented that this study reinforces what medical professionals see in clinical practice—sleep and mental health are deeply intertwined.
“Poor sleep can be both a symptom and a cause of depression,” Bermudes stated. “For young adults, whose brains are still developing, consistent, high-quality sleep is essential for emotional regulation and well-being. Identifying modifiable risk factors like sleep patterns, physical activity, and nutrition allows us to prevent depression before it starts.”
Final Thoughts
As research continues to explore the connection between chronotype and depression, further studies incorporating screen time and digital technology use may provide additional insights. In the meantime, prioritizing good sleep hygiene and mindfulness practices can serve as effective preventive measures against depression.
By implementing these strategies, night owls can take proactive steps toward improving their mental well-being and overall quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions –
Addressing Sleep and Depression in a Digital Age
Nathan Carroll, DO, MBA, chief psychiatry resident at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, emphasized the role of modern technology in sleep disturbances.
“In our ‘always on’ society, where mobile devices, streaming platforms, and social media dominate, young people are particularly susceptible to staying up late,” Carroll noted. “Practices like mindfulness and ‘acting with awareness’ not only improve sleep and depression but also address other risk factors.”
He also stressed the long-term consequences of untreated depression, which can lead to lower job performance, reduced lifetime earnings, and even a shorter lifespan. “Investing in public health campaigns to promote healthy sleep habits is crucial,” Carroll added.
Practical Steps for Improving Sleep and Mental Well-Being
To mitigate depression risk, experts suggest:
Practicing mindfulness through guided meditation and awareness exercises.
Improving sleep hygiene by maintaining a consistent bedtime and limiting screen time before sleep.
Reducing alcohol consumption, as excessive drinking negatively affects sleep and mood.
With depression rates rising—especially among young adults—understanding and addressing these risk factors can lead to better mental health outcomes worldwide.
The Role of Digital Technology in Sleep Disruptions
As research continues to explore the connection between chronotype and depression, further studies incorporating screen time and digital technology use may provide additional insights. The widespread use of smartphones, tablets, and social media has significantly impacted sleep quality, often keeping individuals awake longer than intended. Blue light exposure from screens can disrupt melatonin production, making it harder for night owls to fall asleep and maintain a healthy sleep schedule.
Experts recommend minimizing screen exposure at least an hour before bedtime, using blue light filters, and setting device-free zones to encourage better sleep habits.
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